In recent years, the use of BIM (Building Information Modelling) has rapidly expanded across the construction industry. However, many projects still face challenges such as, “We created a 3D model, but data sharing among stakeholders is not working well,” or “The client and contractor have different expectations about the final data deliverables.”

One global standard attracting attention as a common set of rules for addressing these issues is ISO 19650.

In this series, we will explain ISO 19650 in an easy-to-understand way for people involved in construction, real estate, and building management, covering everything from the basics to practical applications. In this first article, we look at the overall structure of ISO 19650 and why it is needed today.

What Is ISO 19650?

ISO 19650 is an international standard that defines information management processes using BIM throughout the entire lifecycle of buildings and civil engineering assets.

Rather than specifying technical details such as “which 3D CAD software should be used,” it defines an operational framework for who should create, manage, share, and use what information, and when, from planning and design through construction, operation, and maintenance.

Traditional Challenges and the Role of ISO 19650

Traditional construction projects frequently suffered from fragmented information such as the following.

Rework and increased costs
The latest design changes do not reach the construction site in time, resulting in rework.

Wasted data
Data handed over after construction is poorly organized and cannot be effectively used during operation and maintenance.

Barriers to collaboration
Each company uses different naming conventions and methods for sharing data, increasing the cost of collaboration.

ISO 19650 addresses these issues by having all project stakeholders handle information according to common rules, including the use of a Common Data Environment (CDE).

Specific Problems in the Era Before Unified Rules

Before global standards such as ISO 19650 existed, BIM-enabled projects often experienced the following kinds of confusion and loss.

Breakdown of version control: “Which file is the latest?”
Because data was exchanged through email and separate cloud storage systems, files with names such as final_final_v2.dwg or latest_revised.ifc proliferated. In some cases, construction proceeded using outdated drawings, causing large-scale rework costs.

Mismatch between the data expected by clients and contractors
A client might expect data that could later be used for building management, while the contractor might only produce the data needed for design approvals. This could result in data having to be recreated after handover, leading to duplicated investment.

Vendor lock-in and breakdowns in collaboration
Different companies often use different BIM applications and proprietary naming rules. Every time data is exchanged with partners or other firms, conversion work may be required, and attribute information can be lost, undermining the advantages of digital data.

The History of ISO 19650: From the UK to a Global Standard

ISO 19650 did not appear suddenly. Its origins lie in the United Kingdom’s BIM initiatives.

2011: Publication of the UK Government Construction Strategy
The UK government introduced an ambitious policy aimed at improving productivity and reducing costs in the construction industry, requiring BIM Level 2 for all centrally procured government projects by 2016.

Development of the UK BS / PAS 1192 series
Alongside the BIM mandate, standards and practical guidelines such as BS 1192 and PAS 1192-2 to PAS 1192-5 were developed as standardized information management processes. These became the direct foundation and template for today’s ISO 19650.

2018: Publication as the international standard ISO 19650
Following the results achieved in the UK, demand grew for a common international BIM standard that could also be used on cross-border projects. ISO 19650 was formally published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in December 2018. Today, adoption is advancing in Europe, Asia, North America, and Japan, including through national standardization such as JIS.

The Overall Structure of ISO 19650

ISO 19650 consists of six parts, organized around project phases and themes.

Part	Title	Main Role / Content
Part 1	Concepts and Principles	Basic concepts of information management, terminology, and fundamental CDE rules
Part 2	Delivery Phase of the Assets	Information management processes during design and construction, including the operation of EIR and BEP
Part 3	Operational Phase of the Assets	Data management for operation and maintenance of buildings and infrastructure, including FM integration
Part 4	Information Exchange	Quality and completeness checks for the exchange of information
Part 5	Security	Security management policies for protecting sensitive information and critical infrastructure
Part 6	Health and Safety	Management of health and safety information during construction and operation

If your organization focuses mainly on design and construction, Part 2 deserves deeper attention. If your focus is operation, maintenance, or facility management, Part 3 will be more relevant. The areas that should be studied in depth therefore differ depending on your business domain.

Three Benefits of Implementing and Aligning with ISO 19650

Information management based on ISO 19650 can provide significant benefits to both clients and contractors.

1. Reducing Rework and Improving Productivity

By using a CDE (Common Data Environment) in which the latest information is centrally managed, teams can prevent inconsistencies between drawings and missed communications, reducing rework and unnecessary corrective work on site.

Why can rework be reduced?
ISO 19650 assigns clear statuses to information in the CDE, such as “Work in Progress (WIP),” “Shared,” and “Published.” This structurally prevents unapproved or incomplete design changes from accidentally reaching the construction site, helping eliminate human errors such as “construction proceeded using an outdated drawing.”

2. Smoother Data Handover That Supports Asset Value

Once construction is completed, the resulting data can be used directly as an Asset Information Model (AIM) for operation and maintenance. Building owners and facility-management teams can immediately refer to accurate equipment data and drawings after handover, helping optimize maintenance costs.

What kind of impact can this have?
It is often said that roughly 70–80% of a building’s total lifecycle cost is incurred during operation and maintenance after completion. Traditionally, data from paper as-built drawings or PDFs often had to be manually re-entered into building management systems after completion, requiring months or even close to a year, along with significant cost. When information is managed in line with ISO 19650, construction data can be handed over seamlessly as digital AIM data, allowing accurate facility management and repair planning to begin immediately after handover.

3. Expanding Opportunities Through International Standardization

ISO 19650-aligned BIM operations are increasingly becoming requirements not only in overseas projects and projects for multinational companies, but also in public and private-sector projects in domestic markets, including BIM/CIM-related requirements. Building internal capabilities early can help differentiate your organization from competitors.

How does this strengthen project acquisition?
In projects such as factories and data centers commissioned by foreign developers or global companies, the ability to manage BIM in accordance with ISO 19650 is increasingly used as a screening criterion at the proposal stage. Standardizing ISO 19650 processes internally can therefore become a powerful way to demonstrate technical capability and reliability objectively.

Summary and What “Building the System” Actually Means

ISO 19650 is not merely a set of rules for creating drawings or models. It is a business foundation for connecting information smoothly and digitally throughout construction projects.

It may appear difficult at first, but the core idea is simple: build a system that delivers the required information to the right people at the right time.

What Does “Delivering the Required Information to the Right People at the Right Time” Actually Mean?

This is not just an abstract principle. It refers to embedding the following concrete definitions and mechanisms into a project from the beginning.

What information is required?
The client defines in advance, through the EIR (Exchange Information Requirements), what information must be delivered. This helps prevent both unnecessary overproduction of models and missing information.

When is it required?
At each design and construction milestone, the project schedules what level of information detail (LOIN) is required and when.

Who is responsible?
The roles and responsibilities of information creators, reviewers, and approvers are clarified, and the organizational structure is defined through the BEP (BIM Execution Plan).

How is it delivered?
A permission-controlled CDE (Common Data Environment) is used so that only approved, correct, and up-to-date information is accessible.

In other words, the essence of “building the system” under ISO 19650 is to move away from data management that depends on individual attentiveness and email communication, and instead build clear rules and platforms designed to prevent mistakes regardless of who is responsible.

In the next articles in this series, we will take a deeper look at the key points of each part and the specific practical workflows involved.

*This article summarizes information available to the public to help you learn about ISO. Please refer to the official ISO standard text for the formal specifications and requirements.

Topic ISO 19650

What Is ISO 19650? An Overview of the International Standard You Should Know in the BIM Era and Its Benefits